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Wild boar effects on fungal abundance and guilds from sporocarp sampling in a boreal forest ecosystem
Grupo de Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, (IREC UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6989-970X
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Science, Biology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6525-8342
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Science, Biology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5013-6462
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2022 (English)In: Animals, E-ISSN 2076-2615, Vol. 12, no 19, article id 2521Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Native wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations are expanding across Europe. This is cause for concern in some areas where overabundant populations impact natural ecosystems and adjacent agronomic systems. To better manage the potential for impacts, managers require more information about how the species may affect other organisms. For example, information regarding the effect of wild boar on soil fungi for management application is lacking. Soil fungi play a fundamental role in ecosystems, driving essential ecological functions; acting as mycorrhizal symbionts, sustaining plant nutrition and providing defense; as saprotrophs, regulating the organic matter decomposition; or as plant pathogens, regulating plant fitness and survival. During autumn (Sep–Nov) 2018, we investigated the effects of wild boar (presence/absence and rooting intensity) on the abundance (number of individuals) of fungal sporocarps and their functional guilds (symbiotic, saprotrophic and pathogenic). We selected eleven forested sites (400–500 × 150–200 m) in central Sweden; six with and five without the presence of wild boar. Within each forest, we selected one transect (200 m long), and five plots (2 × 2 m each) for sites without wild boar, and ten plots for sites with boars (five within and five outside wild boar disturbances), to determine the relationship between the intensity of rooting and the abundance of sporocarps for three fungal guilds. We found that the presence of wild boar and rooting intensity were associated with the abundance of sporocarps. Interestingly, this relationship varied depending on the fungal guild analyzed, where wild boar rooting had a positive correlation with saprophytic sporocarps and a negative correlation with symbiotic sporocarps. Pathogenic fungi, in turn, were more abundant in undisturbed plots (no rooting) but located in areas with the presence of wild boar. Our results indicate that wild boar activities can potentially regulate the abundance of fungal sporocarps, with different impacts on fungal guilds. Therefore, wild boar can affect many essential ecosystem functions driven by soil fungi in boreal forests, such as positive effects on energy rotation and in creating mineral availability to plants, which could lead to increased diversity of plants in boreal forests.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI , 2022. Vol. 12, no 19, article id 2521
Keywords [en]
disturbance; ectomycorrhiza; fungal guilds; rooting; Sus scrofa; Sweden; wild boar
National Category
Biological Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-40272DOI: 10.3390/ani12192521ISI: 000866615500001PubMedID: 36230261Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85139783060OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-40272DiVA, id: diva2:1704025
Available from: 2022-10-17 Created: 2022-10-17 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved

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Hillström, LarsLönn, Mikael

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