hig.sePublications
System update
On Tuesday, August 18th, between 12-1pm, a planned system update of DiVA will take place. During this time, DiVA will not be available.
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • harvard-cite-them-right
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • sv-SE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • de-DE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
A formulation for asphalt concrete air void during service life by adopting a hybrid evolutionary polynomial regression and multi‑gene genetic programming
Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran.
San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9431-7820
Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, Yunnan, China.
Show others and affiliations
2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, article id 13254Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Bitumen, aggregate, and air void (VA) are the three primary ingredients of asphalt concrete. VA changes over time as a function of four factors: traffic loads and repetitions, environmental regimes, compaction, and asphalt mix composition. Due to the high as-constructed VA content of the material, it is expected that VA will reduce over time, causing rutting during initial traffic periods. Eventually, the material will undergo shear flow when it reaches its densest state with optimum aggregate interlock or refusal VA content. Therefore, to ensure the quality of construction, VA in asphalt mixture need to be modeled throughout the service life. This study aims to implement a hybrid evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) combined with a teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm and multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) to predict the VA percentage of asphalt mixture during the service life. For this purpose, 324 data records of VA were collected from the literature. The variables selected as inputs were original as-constructed VA, 𝑉𝐴𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔 (%); mean annual air temperature, 𝑀𝐴𝐴𝑇 (°F); original viscosity at 77 °F, 𝜂𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔,77 (Mega-Poises); and 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (months). EPR-TLBO was found to be superior to MGGP and existing empirical models due to the interquartile ranges of absolute error boxes equal to 0.67%. EPR-TLBO had an R2 value of more than 0.90 in both the training and testing phases, and only less than 20% of the records were predicted utilizing this model with more than 20% deviation from the observed values. As determined by the sensitivity analysis, 𝜂𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔,77 is the most significant of the four input variables, while time is the least one. A parametric study showed that regardless of 𝑀𝐴𝐴𝑇, 𝜂𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔,77, of 0.3 Mega-Poises, and 𝑉𝐴𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔 above 6% can be ideal for improving the pavement service life. It was also witnessed that with an increase of 𝑀𝐴𝐴𝑇 from 37 to 75 °F, the serviceability of asphalt concrete takes 15 months less on average.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer , 2024. Vol. 14, article id 13254
Keywords [en]
Air void, Service life, Asphalt concrete mixture, Evolutionary polynomial regression, Teaching– learning based optimization algorithm, Genetic programming
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-44496DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61313-xISI: 001244381300075PubMedID: 38858366Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85195627324OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-44496DiVA, id: diva2:1867207
Available from: 2024-06-10 Created: 2024-06-10 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(4807 kB)131 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 4807 kBChecksum SHA-512
0c0e0964e996b0385d47d0fb16c2da07b47f31b32d4811f5aa5ea79f3cb146b18fd919a96c79d01f3bb31722dc938193c4e7afa3e2fd9fa9708696b2eecda59a
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textPubMedScopus

Authority records

Bahrami, Alireza

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Bahrami, Alireza
By organisation
Energy Systems and Building Technology
In the same journal
Scientific Reports
Civil Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 131 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn
Total: 795 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • harvard-cite-them-right
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • sv-SE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • de-DE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf