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Towards Liveable Urban Densities Using a GIS-Based Assessment Methodology
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9579-6344
2022 (English)In: Built Environment, ISSN 0263-7960, Vol. 48, no 3, p. 415-428Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Urban density and densification are hotly debated topics of sustainable urban development. On the one hand, international landmark agreements such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda highlight the importance of good quality urban environments with low pollution, easy access to green spaces, walkability, and active mobility. On the other hand, densi fication can increase pollution, decrease available green spaces, and degrade walkability by concentrating vehicles and their operations. The result can be a degradation of urban liveability, de fined as a city's capacity to promote the wellbeing of residents. Yet higher urban density can also result in more effi cient urban infrastructures and networks and provide more housing (including more aff ordable housing) in more appropriate mixed-use locations. The challenge, then, is to maintain the liveable quality of this denser urban fabric. The GIS-based approach presented in this paper uses a basic liveability assessment by calculating connectivity, greenery, and urban form complexity metrics to be employed in the context of densi fication, aiming to optimize sustainability and liveability aspects. Using our study area in Salzburg, Austria, we demonstrate how such a GIS-based liveability assessment, relying on spatial data, can aid urban planners in quantifying and achieving both urban density and liveability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Alexandrine Press , 2022. Vol. 48, no 3, p. 415-428
Keywords [en]
Urban liveability; Urban density; Urban form; Spatial analysis; Accessibility
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-45836DOI: 10.2148/benv.48.3.415OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-45836DiVA, id: diva2:1905621
Available from: 2024-10-14 Created: 2024-10-14 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. From Understanding to Generative Design of Sustainable Urban Forms
Open this publication in new window or tab >>From Understanding to Generative Design of Sustainable Urban Forms
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Urban forms, as a physical proxy of human mobility and activity, are crucial for understanding the mechanisms and factors behind urban dynamics. The rapid expansion of urban sensors and big data has significantly advanced our comprehension of cities and societies. Currently, the development of complexity sciences has led to more sophisticated simulation models, presenting new opportunities for understanding complex urban phenomena. This dissertation integrates fractal geometry theory, deep learning models, and agent-based modelling (ABM) to enhance the understanding and future generative design of sustainable urban forms. Three models were developed in this dissertation based on: Graph-based fractality index (GFI), Spatio-structural self-similarity, Simple agents–complex emergent path systems (SACP), as well as a model and web-based tool for road evaluation by desire path system (RED-PaSS). (1) The GFI model, grounded in fractal theory and deep learning techniques, is capable to characterize the complexity of building groups; (2) the spatio-structural self-similarity model examines self-similarity from a spatial and structural perspective, correcting long-standing misinterpretations in classical statistical fractal theories. The spatio-structural self-similarity model is capable to understand historical urban forms through validation with data from London building groups and US street networks; (3) the SACP model is based on ABM and simulates pedestrian movement based on visibility parameters and simple principles of global destination awareness and local environmental adaptation. The findings of SACP indicate that the angle of vision is crucial for path pattern emergence; and (4) the RED-PaSS model and tool that evaluates road networks by simulating optimal pedestrian paths based on the SACP model. Case studies of 708 US neighbourhood-scale road networks demonstrate RED-PaSS's potential to evaluate, rank, and enhance road networks, improving pedestrian mobility and convenience. This dissertation's holistic approach not only aids in the characterization of current urban patterns but also in generative design of future urban landscapes that are sustainable and resilient. The integration of advanced computational techniques, such as deep learning and ABM, enables exploration of urban dynamics at unprecedented scales and resolutions. The continuous advancement of these models is crucial for addressing urbanization challenges and fostering sustainable, liveable cities.

Abstract [sv]

Stadsformer, som en fysisk proxy för mänsklig mobilitet och aktivitet, är avgörande för att förstå mekanismerna och faktorerna bakom urban dynamik. Hållbarheten i mänskliga aktiviteter fångas och förutsägs också genom studiet av stadsformer. Den snabba expansionen av urbana sensorer och stordata (eng. big data) har avsevärt förbättrat vår förståelse av städer och samhällen. För närvarande har utvecklingen av komplexitetsvetenskap lett till mer sofistikerade modeller, vilket ger nya möjligheter att förstå komplexa urbana fenomen. Denna avhandling integrerar fraktalgeometriteori, djupinlärningsmodeller och agentbaserad modellering (ABM) för att förbättra förståelsen och framtida generativ design av hållbara stadsformer. Fyra modeller utvecklades i denna avhandling baserade på: grafbaserat fraktalitetsindex (GFI), spatio-strukturell självlikhet, enkla agenter–komplexa emergenta vägsystem (SACP), samt en modell med tillhörande webbaserade verktyg för vägutvärdering genom önskat stigsystem (RED-PaSS). (1) GFI-modellen, grundad i fraktalteori och djupinlärningstekniker, kan karakterisera komplexiteten hos byggnadsgrupper; (2) den spatio-strukturella självlikhetsmodellen undersöker självlikhet ur ett rumsligt och strukturellt perspektiv och korrigerar den sedan länge misstolkningen av självlikhet i klassisk statistisk fraktalteori. Denna modell kan också förutsäga årtalen för historiska stadsformer, inklusive byggnadsgrupper i London och gatunät i USA; (3) SACP-modellen är baserad på ABM och simulerar uppkomsten av önskade stigar genom att modellera fotgängares naturliga rörelse med enkla parametrar på syn och interaktionsprinciper; och (4) RED-PaSSmodellen med sitt verktyg utvärderar, rangordnar, och förbättra gångbarheten i vägnät jämfört med de genererade optimala vägsystemen baserade på fotgängares naturliga rörelse. Denna avhandlings holistiska angreppssätt hjälper inte bara till att karakterisera nuvarande urbana mönster utan också i generativ design av framtida urbana landskap som är naturliga och hållbara. Integrationen av avancerade beräkningstekniker, såsom djupinlärning och ABM, möjliggör utforskning av urban dynamik i aldrig tidigare använd skala och upplösning. Den kontinuerliga utvecklingen av dessa modeller är avgörande för att hantera urbaniseringsutmaningar och främja hållbara, levande städer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2024. p. 66
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 52
Keywords
urban forms, agent-based modelling, pedestrian movement, desire paths, fractals, self-similarity, building groups, street networks, generative design, urbanistiska former, agentbaserad modellering, gångrörelser, önskade vägar, fraktaler, självlikhet, byggnadsgrupper, gatunätverk, generativ design
National Category
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-45835 (URN)978-91-89593-46-6 (ISBN)978-91-89593-47-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-12-17, Lilla Jadwigasalen, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-11-26 Created: 2024-10-14 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved

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