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Financial Accounting Postulates and Sustainability Reporting. How do the ‘good ones’ do it?: -A study of the presence of financial accounting postulates in sustainability information.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies.
2025 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [en]

Sustainability reporting in Sweden has become more and more widespread, despite there prior to 2017 not having been any legal requirement to report on this aspect. However, from the financial year 2017 this has changed for the largest companies in Sweden. Companies of a certain size now have to produce a sustainability report, either as part of a company’s annual reporting requirement, or alternatively, the annual report containing information as to where the company’s sustainability report can be located. Previous research shows ambiguity surrounding the concept. This study examines the content of sustainability information from 10 companies in the consumer goods category, registered in Sweden and listed on Stockholm Nasdaq. The study is conducted for the years 2014-2015 and 2019-2020 and the chosen companies are ones that have a generally high ranking concerning the quality of their sustainability information. The goal is to shed light on practice development within public companies' sustainability reporting. Has the introduction of a legal reporting requirement meant that sustainability reporting is approaching a more normative, principles’-based practice? A normative approach could add to the discourse on sustainability reporting by possibly envisaging a wider and more localised perspective on firm accountability that could potentially stimulate the innovative endeavors of the corporation in the pursuit of wider wealth creation. To contribute to improved future sustainability reporting through discussing possible areas for improved comparability is one of the objectives of this study.

Both a quantitative and a qualitative method is applied. The Sustainable Enterprise Theory (SET) alongside the legal requirements as stated in the Swedish Annual Account Act as well as the accounting postulates form the theoretical framework. The study examines the current form sustainability reporting takes using a modified definition of the accounting postulates, a ‘sustainability’ adaptation to the four accounting postulates reporting entity, reporting period, unit of measure and going concern. The study has found an increased frequency of words related to the modified postulates in sustainability information, in support of a more normative, principles’-based practice. The majority of the finding show statistical significance, however only a few of these have been shown to improve comparability.

Abstract [sv]

Hållbarhetsrapportering har på senare år blivit vanligare, trots att det innan 2017 inte funnits något legalt krav att rapportera. Från och med räkenskapsåret 2017 är det lagkrav för de största företagen med säte i Sverige att producera en hållbarhetsrapport. Tidigare forskning påvisar otydlighet kring hållbarhetsbegreppet. I denna studie görs en detaljerad undersökning av innehållet i hållbarhetsrapportering från 10 utvalda företag i kategorin konsumentvaror, med säte i Sverige samt noterade på Stockholm Nasdaq. Undersökningen görs för åren 2014 - 2015 samt 2019 - 2020 och de utvalda företagen är sådana som har en generellt hög ranking gällande kvalitén på sin hållbarhetsinformation. Målet är att belysa praxisutveckling inom publika företags hållbargetsrapportering, avseende redovisningspostulat. Har införandet av legalt krav att rapportera inneburit att hållbarhetsrapporteringen närmar sig en mer normativt, principbaserad rapportering? Ett normativt tillvägagångssätt kan främja diskursen kring hållbarhetsredovisning.  Att bidra till förbättrad framtida hållbarhetsredovisning genom att diskutera möjliga områden för förbättrad jämförbarhet är ett av syftena med denna studie.

 

Både kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod har använts i studien. The Sustainable Enterprise Theory (SET) utgör, tillsammans med de lagkrav som anges i årsredovisningslagen, samt några grundläggande redovisningspostulat, den teoretiska ramen. Studien undersöker den nuvarande formen för hållbarhetsrapportering med hjälp av en modifierad, bredare definition av redovisnings-postulaten enhet, tidsperiod, mätenhet och kontinuitet eller fortlevnad. Studien har funnit en ökad frekvens av ord relaterade till de modifierade postulaten i företags hållbarhetsinformation, till stöd för en mer normativ, principbaserad praxis. Majoriteten av den undersökta informationen är statistiskt signifikant, dock har enbart en mindre del visats förbättra jämförbarheten över tid. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 68
Keywords [en]
Sustainability reporting, sustainability accounting, life cycle accounting, accounting postulates, normative accounting
National Category
Social Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-46711OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-46711DiVA, id: diva2:1949491
Subject / course
Business administration
Educational program
Business administration – master’s programme (one year)
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-04-03 Created: 2025-04-02 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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