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Advances in the social construction of energy management and energy efficiency in industry
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology. Linköpings universitet.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4823-9905
Linköpings universitet.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6359-1889
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9730-2704
Linköpings universitet.ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8410-7259
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2025 (English)In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 16, no 1, article id 4075Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Energy efficiency is essential for climate change mitigation. Energy management, shaped by both technical artefacts and social constructions, can overcome barriers and achieve greater emission reductions than technology-focused approaches alone. Nine social constructions of energy management emphasize the need for a broader view that includes operations, processes, and knowledge creation and diffusion. By adopting these strategies, corporations and policymakers can substantially reduce industrial energy use and emissions. We estimate that effective energy management policies and voluntary initiatives could cut at least 5% of global industrial fossil CO2 emissions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer , 2025. Vol. 16, no 1, article id 4075
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-46837DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59284-2ISI: 001479703200013PubMedID: 40307211Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105004201586OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-46837DiVA, id: diva2:1955996
Funder
Knowledge FoundationMistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, DIA 2019/28Swedish Research Council Formas, 2021-00416Available from: 2025-05-04 Created: 2025-05-04 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Beyond technology-driven efficiency towards knowledge-driven approaches among industrial SMEs: Lean-based energy efficiency networks, knowledge creation, and social constructions
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Beyond technology-driven efficiency towards knowledge-driven approaches among industrial SMEs: Lean-based energy efficiency networks, knowledge creation, and social constructions
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A substantial share of energy efficiency (EE) potential remains unrealized due to persistent barriers, especially among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Energy Efficiency Networks (EENs), as policy instruments, support SMEs through audits and knowledge exchange. Compared to standalone audits, EENs can double the implementation rate of Energy Efficiency Measures (EEMs), particularly in support processes. However, these programs often follow a technology-driven approach and need to evolve toward management- and knowledge-driven approaches.

This thesis aims to advance the understanding of EE, energy management, and EENs beyond a purely technical focus. A qualitative multiple case study approach was applied, using interviews, questionnaires, observations, document analysis, and secondary data.

The findings indicate that EENs can address certain barriers, such as the “lack of technical experts,” but they often fall short in tackling organizational and knowledgerelated barriers. SMEs typically display low maturity in energy management. Notably, knowledge appears more dominant as a barrier than as a driver, especially the “lack of internal competence,” which signals a weakness in the current network structure adopted in Sweden and other countries, which advocates for advancing how EEis understood and applied.

The first key contribution introduces Lean-based EENs as a more advanced model. Integrating Lean principles enhanced both efficiency and effectiveness. Participants developed the capacity to improve production and support processes independently, with a positive correlation found between EE gains and knowledge creation phases (externalization, combination, internalization, socialization) to transform explicit knowledge into tacit knowledge, where tacit knowledge is expected to generate competitive advantage and sustain the impact of Lean programs, which is usually overlooked. However, no firm reached the socialization phase.

The second advancement brings the lens of social construction in understanding EE, energy management, and multiple energy benefits (MEBs). However, MEBs are rarely treated as social constructions and have been excluded from current EE culture frameworks. This research demonstrates that both EEMs and MEBs operate within shared cultural levels at macro, meso, and micro levels, and examines how regional policy shapes the perception of MEBs across six European Union regions. A key insight is that the most valued benefit across participants was “improved understanding of the company’s energy use.” Despite the presence of supportive policies in all regions, there appears to be a tendency to prioritize certain types of benefits over others.

Finally, this thesis suggests advancing the approach to policy evaluation that integrates technology-, management-, and knowledge-driven perspectives.

Abstract [sv]

En betydande del av energieffektiviseringspotentialen hos små och medelstora företag(SMF) förblir outnyttjad på grund av formella hinder och förlegade traditioner. Energieffektiviseringsnätverk (EEN) kan användas som politiska styrmedel för att stödja SMF genom energikartläggningar och kunskapsutbyte. Jämfört med enskilda kartläggningar kan EEN fördubbla genomförandet av energieffektiviseringsåtgärder (EEÅ), särskilt i stödprocesser. Befintliga program är dock ofta teknikdrivna och behöver utvecklas mot lednings- och kunskapsdrivna angreppssätt.

Syftet med denna avhandling är att utveckla förståelsen för energieffektivisering, energiledning och EEN bortom ett rent tekniskt perspektiv. En kvalitativ metod baserad på multipla fallstudier har använts, där såväl intervjuer, enkäter, observationer, dokumentanalys, som sekundärdata ingår.

Resultaten visar att EEN kan minska vissa hinder, såsom bristen på teknisk kompetens, men har begränsad effekt på organisatoriska och kunskapsrelaterade hinder. SMF har ofta låg mognadsgrad i energiledning. Kunskap framträder mer som ett hinder än en drivkraft, och särskilt bristen på intern kompetens pekar på svagheter i den nuvarande nätverksstrukturen i Sverige och andra länder.

Avhandlingens första bidrag introducerar Lean-baserade EEN som en mer avancerad modell. Genom att integrera Lean-principer stärks både effektiviteten och förbättringsförmågan i produktion och stödprocesser. En positiv koppling upptäcktes mellan förbättrad energieffektivitet och nya kunskaper om externalisering, kombination, internalisering och socialisering, där särskilt tyst kunskap förväntas bidra tilllångsiktiga konkurrensfördelar. Inget av de studerade företagen nådde dock socialiseringsfasen.

Det andra bidraget belyser energifrågor ur ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv, inklusive multipla energirelaterade nyttor (MEB). Studien visar att både EEÅ och MEB påverkas av kulturella nivåer (makro, meso, mikro) och att regional politik påverkar hur dessa nyttor uppfattas. Den mest värderade nyttan var en ökad förståelse för företagets energianvändning.

Avslutningsvis föreslås en mer integrerad modell för policyutvärdering som kombinerarteknik-, lednings- och kunskapsdrivna perspektiv.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2025. p. 130
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 66
Keywords
energy efficiency, energy management, policy evaluation, energy efficiency network, Lean, knowledge creation, social construction, multiple energy benefits, ringsnätverk, Lean, kunskapsskapande, social konstruktion, multipla energinyttor
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-48017 (URN)978-91-89593-74-9 (ISBN)978-91-89593-75-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-11-03, 12:108, Kungbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-10-13 Created: 2025-08-02 Last updated: 2025-10-13Bibliographically approved

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Thollander, PatrikJalo, NoorColding, JohanBarthel, Stephan

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