The purpose of this chapter is to optimize reinforced concrete (RC) structure of a multi-story residential building by replacing its load-bearing walls with load-bearing columns and beams. A real building as reference building (building 1) located in Sandviken, Sweden, was considered for the investigation, and the StruSoft FEM-Design software was employed. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved modeling, designing, and analyzing building 1 having load-bearing RC walls. In phase 2, the load-bearing RC walls of building 1 were replaced with modeled load-bearing RC columns and beams to form building 2. Building 2 was then also designed and analyzed. It was demonstrated that the replacement of the load-bearing walls with load-bearing columns and beams was successful. The maximum deflections obtained were 9 mm for building 1 and 7 mm for building 2, indicating that the deflection difference between the two buildings was not considerable. Building 1 had the maximum utilization ratio of 87%, while it was 99% in building 2. The maximum reaction force for building 1 was 563.6 kN, while that for building 2 was 476.4 kN. Both buildings were stable. Building 1 weighed 4169 tons, while building 2 weighed 3143 tons, resulting in approximately 25% weight reduction.