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GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys av skogsbrandsrisk: En fallstudie i Gävleborgs län, Sverige
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences.
2025 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [sv]

Skogsbränder är ett växande problem i Sverige och väntas öka i omfattning till följd av klimatförändringar. Gävleborgs län, med sin stora andel skogsmark, förväntas bli alltmer utsatt för skogsbränder i framtiden. Denna studie syftar till att kartlägga skogsbrandsrisk i länet genom en GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys. Tolv faktorer relaterade till topografi, vegetation, väder och mänsklig påverkan har valts ut och viktats med hjälp av Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Arbetet inkluderade både faktorkartor och begränsningskartor, där faktorkartorna klassificerades i fem risknivåer från väldigt låg till väldigt hög risk (1-5). Dessa faktorerna kombinerades i en brandriskmodell genom Viktad linjär kombination (VLK).

Modellen resulterade i en riskkarta uppdelad i fem klasser, från mycket låg till mycket hög risk. Validering genomfördes mot historiska skogsbränder (2014-2024) från EFFIS, där 60,61 % av bränderna föll i klass 4 (hög risk), 36,14 % i klass 3 (medel risk), 0,99 % i klass 2 (låg), 0,8 % i klass 5 (mycket hög) och 0,5 % föll i klass 1 (mycket låg). Resultatet visar att modellen fångar upp majoriteten av bränder inom medel till högriskområden. Studien visar att GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys är ett användbart verktyg för riskbedömning och förebyggande planering i brandutsatta regioner som Gävleborg.

Abstract [en]

Wildfires are a growing problem in Sweden and are expected to increase in extent due to climate change. Gävleborg County, with its large share of forested land, is anticipated to become increasingly exposed to wildfire risk in the future. This study aims to map wildfire risk in the county using a GIS-based multi-criteria analysis. Twelve factors related to topography, vegetation, weather, and human influence were selected and weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The analysis included both factor maps and constraint maps, with the factor maps classified into five risk levels ranging from very low to very high (1–5). These factors were then combined into a wildfire risk model using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method.

The resulting model produced a risk map divided into five classes, from very low to very high risk. Validation was carried out using historical wildfire data (2014–2024) from EFFIS, where 60.61% of the fires occurred in class 4 (high risk) and 36.14% in class 3 (moderate risk). Only 0.5% fell within class 1 (very low), 0.99% in class 2 (low), and 0.8% in class 5 (very high). The results indicate that the model captures the majority of fires within moderate to high-risk areas. The study demonstrates that GIS-based multi-criteria analysis is a valuable tool for risk assessment and preventive planning in fire-prone regions such as Gävleborg.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2025. , p. 67
Keywords [en]
GIS, wildfire, analytic hierarchy process, multi criteria analysis, weighted linear combination, fire risk map, spatial analysis, risk assessments
Keywords [sv]
GIS, skogsbrand, analytisk hierarkiprocess, multikriterieanalys, viktad linjär kombi-nation, brandriskkarta, spatial analys, riskbedömning
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-47703OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-47703DiVA, id: diva2:1977356
Subject / course
Computer science
Educational program
Study Programme in Computer Science
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2025-06-26 Created: 2025-06-26 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved

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Citation style
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