This study explores moral disengagement in supply chain sustainability research. Its aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of how moral disengagement is used in supply chain research and outline potential applications. A literature review was conducted, analysing and synthesising existing research on moral disengagement in the context of supply chain management. The study identifies three key areas of application: enhancing moral awareness, informing policymaking, and influencing supply chain design. These areas highlight how moral disengagement theory can help minimise negative impacts and promote responsible operations. The study addresses a gap in sustainable supply chain literature by integrating moral disengagement theory and offering a new perspective on designing sustainable and ethically responsible supply chains. Although limited by the scope of available literature, the study suggests three areas for future research. It underscores the potential of moral disengagement theory to support environmental sustainability, worker well-being, and more equitable wealth distribution.