hig.sePublications
System disruptions
There are recurring service disruptions on some of the search portals due to high traffic. We are working to resolve the issue, you may temporarily encounter an error message.
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • harvard-cite-them-right
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • sv-SE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • de-DE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Socialt arbete på löpande band?: Specialisering inom den sociala barnavården under 2000-talets inledning
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work, Criminology and Public Health Sciences, Social Work.ORCID iD: 0009-0005-2070-2880
2025 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Description
Abstract [sv]

Socialtjänsten, och dess barnavård, har blivit alltmer specialiserad. Specialisering anses möjliggöra expertisutveckling men forskning har också visat nackdelar som fragmentering, medan socialarbetarnas arbetssituation är mindre utforskad.

Avhandlingen bygger på fyra studier om socialsekreterare inom myndighetsutövande barnavård och de organisationer där de verkar. Den beskriver och analyserar specialiseringens utveckling under 2000-talet och dess konsekvenser för socialarbetarna.

Resultaten visar omfattande organisatoriska förändringar där fasspecialisering – uppdelning i mottagning, utredning och uppföljning – blivit dominerande. Arbetsuppgifterna har renodlats till myndighetsutövning. Två diskurser framstår som drivande: en kvalitetsdiskurs som betonar rättssäkerhet och effektivitet samt en arbetsbelastningsdiskurs som syftar till stressreduktion genom tydligare uppgiftsfördelning. Samtidigt skapar specialisering fler överlämningar, svagare helhetssyn och konflikter mellan grupper. Statistiska analyser visar dock att arbetsvillkor snarare än organisationsstruktur avgör hur samverkan fungerar.

Yrkeskåren har blivit yngre, mer oerfaren och lämnar ofta tidigt. BBIC framträder som en central faktor bakom ökad dokumentationsbörda, standardisering och minskat handlingsutrymme, vilket särskilt bidragit till hög personalomsättning i utredningsgrupper. Fasspecialisering förstärker utvecklingen mot ett standardiserat arbete enligt en löpandebandsprincip. Sammantaget har detta lett till en organisation som socialarbetarna inte ser som optimal för klienterna och som minskat deras arbetsglädje. Specialisering framstår därmed mindre som expertisutveckling och mer som en överlevnadsstrategi i en pressad verksamhet.

Resultaten är särskilt relevanta i ljuset av den nya socialtjänstlagen, som syftar till en mer kunskapsbaserad och hållbar socialtjänst. För att intentionerna ska lyckas krävs organisatoriska lösningar som både säkerställer kvalitet och ger socialarbetare förutsättningar för arbetsglädje och kompetens.

Abstract [en]

Swedish social services, including child welfare, have become increasingly specialized. Specialization is assumed to enable the development of expertise, but research has also highlighted disadvantages such as fragmentation, while the working conditions of social workers remain less explored.

This dissertation is based on four studies of child welfare social workers engaged in statutory duties and the organizations in which they operate. It describes and analyzes the development of specialization in child welfare during the 2000s and its consequences for social workers.

The results show extensive organizational changes, with phase specialization – division into intake, investigation, and follow-up – emerging as the dominant model. Work tasks have been streamlined to statutory functions. Two discourses appear as driving forces: a quality discourse emphasizing legal certainty and efficiency, and a workload discourse aiming to reduce stress through clearer task distribution. At the same time, specialization generates more handovers, weaker holistic perspectives, and increased conflict between groups. Statistical analyses, however, indicate that working conditions rather than organizational structure determine how collaboration functions.

The workforce has become younger, less experienced, and more likely to leave the profession early. The standardized framework used in Sweden for assessing and planning interventions for children, BBIC (Children’s Needs in Focus) emerges as a central factor behind increased documentation demands, standardization, and reduced professional discretion, particularly contributing to high staff turnover in investigation units. Phase specialization reinforces the trend toward standardized work, resembling an assembly line principle. Taken together, this has produced an organization that social workers do not regard as optimal for clients, while at the same time leading to reduced job satisfaction for the social workers themselves. Specialization thus appears less as a path to expertise and improved service quality, and more as a survival strategy in a pressured organization.

The findings are particularly relevant in light of the new Social Services Act (Socialtjänstlag 2025:400), which aims to create a more knowledge-based and sustainable social service. For these intentions to succeed, organizational solutions are required that both ensure quality and provide social workers with the conditions for job satisfaction and professional competence.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2025. , p. 71
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 67
Keywords [en]
child welfare, specialization, working conditions, organizational development
Keywords [sv]
social barnavård, specialisering, arbetsvillkor, organisatorisk utveckling
National Category
Social Work
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-48072ISBN: 978-91-89593-76-3 (print)ISBN: 978-91-89593-77-0 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-48072DiVA, id: diva2:1989338
Public defence
2025-10-31, 99:133, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-10-10 Created: 2025-08-15 Last updated: 2025-10-10
List of papers
1. Social work in an assembly line? The development of specialisation in child welfare and further internal division of work between 2003 and 2018
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Social work in an assembly line? The development of specialisation in child welfare and further internal division of work between 2003 and 2018
Show others...
2024 (English)In: European Journal of Social Work, ISSN 1369-1457, E-ISSN 1468-2664, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 650-663Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Organisational specialisation characterises present social work in Sweden as internationally. Specialisation is often expected to lead to higher professional expertise. This study provides an overview of the development of specialisation and workforce characteristics in child welfare based on survey data collected in 2003, 2014 and 2018. The aim was to describe the development of specialisation and discuss the conditions for professional expertise in child welfare work. The results indicate that child welfare work is increasingly work task specialised. Social workers reported performing fewer tasks in 2014 and 2018 compared to 2003. This could be understood mainly as a form of statutory specialisation, indicating a shift in the professional role. Also, with the tendency to divide the work into only one or two phases of the process, child welfare work today almost resembles work at an assembly line. Compared with 2003, the statutory child welfare social workers surveyed in 2014 and 2018 were also significantly younger and less experienced. Since decision-making in child protection is a highly complex and challenging task, a question is if the development may be a survival strategy of the organisations rather than an opportunity for developing expertise.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2024
Keywords
professional expertise; Specialisation; statutory child welfare
National Category
Social Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-43371 (URN)10.1080/13691457.2023.2284669 (DOI)001114737200001 ()2-s2.0-85179917674 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-12-04 Created: 2023-12-04 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved
2. The specialization/collaboration paradox: Investigating specialization within child welfare as a barrier to collaboration
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The specialization/collaboration paradox: Investigating specialization within child welfare as a barrier to collaboration
Show others...
2025 (English)In: British Journal of Social Work, ISSN 0045-3102, E-ISSN 1468-263X, Vol. 55, no 3, p. 1178-1197Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Existing research highlights the trend of organizing social services into specialized units, addressing specific areas such as child welfare. Further specialization within child welfare extends to target groups (youth vs child) and work task dimensions. The literature remains inconclusive about whether specialization enhances or hinders social work practice. Potential drawbacks of specialization, like gaps between services and a lack of a holistic view, are assumed to increase the need for collaboration. However, specialization might impede collaboration due to profession-specific tensions, such as differing cultures or turf issues. Empirical findings suggest challenges in collaboration both within and between specialized organizations. This study explores how various specializations in child welfare relate to social workers’ perceptions of collaboration within their workgroup, between different social service units, and with external organizations, considering factors like work demand, time spent with clients, and work experience. Analysing survey data from 2003 to 2018 with 895 social workers in Stockholm County, the present study uses generalized estimating equations to address clustering within organizations. The findings indicate a potential positive association between target group specialization and perceived collaboration functionality within the workgroup and with external organizations, challenging assumptions that specialization hinders collaboration and suggesting that target group specialization could facilitate collaboration.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford Academic, 2025
Keywords
boundary work, collaboration, child welfare, specialization
National Category
Social Work
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-46186 (URN)10.1093/bjsw/bcae181 (DOI)001366349200001 ()2-s2.0-105004038591 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Afa Trygghetsförsäkringsaktiebolag, 170025
Available from: 2024-12-16 Created: 2024-12-16 Last updated: 2026-07-01Bibliographically approved
3. The development of ‘assembly line principles’ in Swedish child welfare: Long-serving social workers' experiences of phase specialisation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The development of ‘assembly line principles’ in Swedish child welfare: Long-serving social workers' experiences of phase specialisation
2026 (English)In: International Journal of Social Welfare, ISSN 1369-6866, E-ISSN 1468-2397, Vol. 35, no 4, article id e70089Article in journal (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

The child welfare system has increasingly adopted phase specialisation, in Sweden and internationally, dividing work into distinct stages. This study examines these changes through the retrospective perspectives of 15 long-serving child welfare professionals, highlighting three key organisational shifts: the separation of statutory and supportive tasks, the division between intake and investigation, and the emerging split between investigation and follow-up. Respondents describe these changes as motivated by concerns related to quality and workload. While the changes are perceived to have improved work in certain respects, respondents note unintended consequences, such as fragmented services and professional tensions. We interpret phase specialisation through the lens of broader quality and workload discourses and discuss how the changes may relate to intergroup status dynamics and facilitate workload buffering, temporarily masking resource challenges. The findings highlight the importance of assessing how specialisation shapes workers' roles and working conditions, ensuring that reforms benefit both professionals and clients. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley, 2026
Keywords
child welfare; discourse; institutionalisation; organisational change; social work professionals; specialisation
National Category
Social Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-48582 (URN)10.1111/ijsw.70089 (DOI)2-s2.0-105046219770 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2025-09-29 Created: 2025-09-29 Last updated: 2026-08-17Bibliographically approved
4. Specialisering och byråkratiska procedurer: erfarna socialarbetares uppfattning om den social barnavårdens utveckling under 2000-talet
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Specialisering och byråkratiska procedurer: erfarna socialarbetares uppfattning om den social barnavårdens utveckling under 2000-talet
(Swedish)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Social Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-48583 (URN)
Available from: 2025-09-29 Created: 2025-09-29 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(817 kB)307 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 817 kBChecksum SHA-512
cc617c2d79a42bd32add2355c1440faa336d1494f107f6bc4944892fd0af3bae48906a33e5bd5e38c0510da60132dd5f0bd42cede83c75bfffe8833a3eaa1902
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Authority records

Steive, Karin

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Steive, Karin
By organisation
Social Work
Social Work

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 310 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 3717 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • harvard-cite-them-right
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • sv-SE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • de-DE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf