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Thoughts on and Motives for Leaving the First‐Line Manager Position: A Qualitative Study
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.ORCID iD: 0009-0005-9512-3867
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1289-9896
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6738-6102
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science. Uppsala universitet.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1495-4943
2025 (English)In: Journal of Nursing Management, ISSN 0966-0429, E-ISSN 1365-2834, article id 9906205Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe first-line managers’ thoughts on and motives for leaving their position.

Introduction: The turnover rate of first-line managers impacts healthcare organizations’ overall performance. Burnout, dissatisfaction, and desired career advancement contribute to the intention to leave. High turnover negatively impacts patient care and has financial consequences. Involving managers in decision-making, providing support, and addressing workload and resource challenges are known to be crucial factors in retaining managers.

Method: Sixteen semistructured interviews were conducted with first-line managers. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Findings: Our study showed that some first-line managers experience difficulties at work, leading them to reach a breaking point and leave. These difficulties stem from a lack of influence, feeling unheard, and having inadequate support. Some first-line managers reach a point where they feel the need to move on, often due to personal reasons or a lack of motivation. Upon deciding to leave, managers commonly have a plan to ensure a smooth transition for their successor, aiming to help both the new manager and the unit’s staff.

Conclusion: First-line managers can perceive their work situation as challenging and frustrating when they lack authority and support. This can lead to them leaving their role for reasons such as retirement, seeking more time for family, or seeking new work challenges. It is important for healthcare management to empower and support first-line managers. Smooth transitions for successors and staff are crucial, regardless of why a manager leaves.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2025. article id 9906205
Keywords [en]
authority, first-line managers, qualitative research, resign
National Category
Health Sciences
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work, Inkluderande arbetsliv
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-48091DOI: 10.1155/jonm/9906205ISI: 001550412600001PubMedID: 40860613Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105013467740OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-48091DiVA, id: diva2:1991289
Available from: 2025-08-22 Created: 2025-08-22 Last updated: 2026-07-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Should I Stay or Should I Go?: First-Line Managers' Experiences and Factors Influencing Retention and Turnover in Healthcare
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Should I Stay or Should I Go?: First-Line Managers' Experiences and Factors Influencing Retention and Turnover in Healthcare
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to generate knowledge and understanding of first-line managers' experiences of the factors influencing their retention and turnover, including their self-reported work-related stress, job satisfaction, span of control, leadership and management performance, and how these factors interact and change over time.

Methods: Four studies were conducted in a Swedish regional healthcare organization. Studies I and III used qualitative descriptive designs with semi-structured interviews to explore reasons for staying or leaving. Study II was a repeated cross-sectional survey assessing associations among span of control, leadership and management performance, work-related stress, and job satisfaction, including the stability of these associations. Study IV was a 40-month prospective cohort using Cox regression to examine whether these factors were associated with time to leave.

Results: Managers who stayed emphasized trust, autonomy, meaningful relationships, and support from colleagues and superiors, together with a sense of purpose in influencing staff and patient care. Those who left often described tipping points linked to high demands, limited influence, or insufficient support. In Study II, job satisfaction remained stable over time and was positively associated with control, manager and peer support, and role clarity; high demands and poor relationships showed strong negative associations. In Study IV, 28 managers left in 40 months. Being categorized at a moderate level in control and manager support was associated with a higher risk of leaving, whereas workplace relationships were not significant.

Conclusion: Retention and turnover among first-line managers are shaped by organizational, group, and individual experiences. Role clarity, supportive relations, sufficient resources, and meaningfulness are central to sustaining engagement and reducing stress, which influence first-line managers’ willingness to remain in their role.

Abstract [sv]

Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att öka kunskapen om förstalinjechefers erfarenheter av faktorer som påverkar beslutet att stanna kvar respektive lämna rollen, inklusive deras självskattade arbetsrelaterade stress, arbetstillfredsställelse, kontrollspann samt ledarskaps- och chefsprestation, och hur dessa faktorer samverkar och förändras över tid.

Metod: Fyra delstudier genomfördes i en svensk hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation. Studie I och III använde kvalitativ deskriptiv design med semistrukturerade intervjuer för att beskriva orsaker att stanna respektive lämna. Studie II var en upprepad tvärsnittsstudie som undersökte samband mellan kontrollspann, chef- och ledarskapsutövande, arbetsrelaterad stress och arbetstillfredsställelse, samt stabiliteten i dessa samband över tid. Studie IV var en 40-månaders prospektiv kohortstudie med Cox-regression för att analysera om dessa faktorer var associerade med tid till avgång.

Resultat: Chefer som stannade betonade tillit, autonomi, meningsfulla relationer och stöd från kollegor och närmaste chef, tillsammans med känslan av att kunna påverka medarbetare och vård. De som lämnade beskrev ofta brytpunkter kopplade till höga krav, begränsat inflytande eller otillräckligt stöd. I studie II var arbetstillfredsställelse stabil över tid och positivt associerad med kontroll, stöd från chef och kollegor, samt tydliga roller, medan höga krav och bristande relationer hade starka negativa samband. I studie IV slutade 28 chefer under 40 månader. Att vara kategoriserad på en måttlig nivå i kontroll och chefstöd var associerat med ökad risk att lämna, medan relationer inte hade någon signifikant betydelse.

Slutsats: Förstalinjechefers beslut att stanna eller lämna formas av organisatoriska, grupprelaterade och individuella erfarenheter. Tydliga roller, stödjande relationer, tillräckliga resurser och meningsfullhet är centrala för att upprätthålla engagemang, minska stress och möjliggöra att de stannar i rollen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2025. p. 56
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 69
Keywords
first-line managers, healthcare organization, job satisfaction, leadership and management, retention, span of control, turnover, work-related stress, arbetsrelaterad stress, arbetstillfredsställelse, förstalinjechefer, hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation, kontrollspann, ledarskap och chefskap, personalomsättning
National Category
Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work, Inkluderande arbetsliv
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-48541 (URN)978-91-89593-83-1 (ISBN)978-91-89593-84-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-12-10, 12:108, Lilla Jadwiga, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-11-18 Created: 2025-09-19 Last updated: 2026-07-02

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Svanström, JonasLindberg, MagnusLindberg, MariaSkytt, Bernice

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