The chapter provides a general view of Swedish film policy during the period from the end of the second world war until the late 1970s. One of the crucial moments in the history of Swedish film is the introduction of a new film policy in 1963. The “film reform” of 1963—with the founding of the Swedish Film Institute (SFI) and the national system of film subsidies—led to changes in the strategies of national film production, but also to an institutionalised national film culture based on art cinema values. With the film reform, and the debates and ideas behind its establishment in 1963, the public persona and debates concerning its founder Harry Schein, and the labour movement and its intense doings in Swedish film industry and film culture, this article covers three major themes in the history of Swedish film politics in the 20th century.