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Vuxna patienters upplevelser av egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2: En beskrivande litteraturstudie
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
2026 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en kronisk sjukdom som ställer betydande krav på individens egenvård. Egenvården innefattar bland annat kostanpassning, fysisk aktivitet blodsockerkontroll samt hantering av läkemedel. Dessa insatser påverkas av individuella och sociala faktorer. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vuxna patienters upplevelser av egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en beskrivande litteraturstudie som består av tio kvalitativa studier. Artiklarna hittades via databasen PubMed och en manuell sökning i MDPI, diabetology. Artiklarna analyserades enligt analysguiden av Popenoe et al. Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att egenvård uppfattades som en komplex och långvarig process. Kostförändringar och fysisk aktivitet identifierades som centrala men utmanande delar av egenvården. Patienternas möjligheter att genomföra egenvård påverkades av flera faktorer såsom fysiska och psykiska begränsningar, kunskap och informationsbrist, ekonomi, motivation och socialt stöd. Stöd från familj och hälso- och sjukvårdpersonal var viktiga för att skapa trygghet och motivation. Rädsla för komplikationer kunde fungera som en motivationsfaktor, samtidigt som positiva upplevelser av förbättrad hälsa successivt förstärkte motivationen. Slutsats: Egenvård vid diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en komplex process som formas av både individuella och omgivande faktorer. Ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt är viktigt för att stärka patientens egenmakt och egenvårdsförmåga, vilket främjar en god hälsa över tid.

Abstract [en]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that places significant demands on the individual’s self-care. Self-care includes changes in diet, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring and medication management. These self-care activities are influenced by individual and social factors. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe adult patients’ experiences of self-care in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus.Method: This study was conducted as a descriptive literature study based on ten qualitative studies identified through PubMed and through a manual search in Diabetology (MDPI). The analysis was following the analysis guide by Popenoe et al.Main result: The results showed that self-care was perceived as a complex and long-term process. Dietary changes and physical activity were identified as central but challenging components of self-care. Patients’ ability to engage in self-care was influenced by several factors, including physical limitations and psychological challenges, lack of knowledge and information, financial circumstances, motivation, and social support. Support from family and healthcare professionals was important in creating a sense of security and motivation. Fear of complications could serve as a motivating factor, while positive experiences of improved health helped sustain motivation over time. Conclusion: Self-care in type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex process shaped by both individual and environmental factors. A person-centred approach is essential to strengthen patient empowerment and self-care ability, thereby promoting good health over time.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026. , p. 47
Keywords [en]
Lifestyle changes; patient experiences; self-care; type 2 diabetes mellitus
Keywords [sv]
Diabetes mellitus typ 2; egenvård; livsstilsförändringar; patientupplevelser
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-49687OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-49687DiVA, id: diva2:2054403
Subject / course
Nursing
Educational program
Nursing
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2026-05-06 Created: 2026-04-20 Last updated: 2026-05-06Bibliographically approved

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Maryam Hadi & Feruz Michael Mhsnte examensarbete(730 kB)18 downloads
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