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Ray Tracing Modelling of an Asymmetric Concentrating PVT
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8156-2587
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system.
2014 (English)In: EuroSun 2014 Proceedings, 2014Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors are able to produce both heat and electricity from the same area. The studied PVT collector is an asymmetric Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC) which is composed two parts: a quarter of a circle and a parabola. This reflector design belongs to the MaReCo (Maximum Reflector Collector) family. The main advantages of this collector design are the reduction of material cost due to concentration and the increase cell efficiency by reducing its working temperature through active cooling.Tonatiuh is a Monte Carlo ray tracing software that is able to simulate the interaction between the sunlight and a concentrating collector. A script was written to repeat the process and simulate the course of the year. The data was processed using Matlab and the annual received radiation on both receiver sides was obtained.A collector model was drawn in Tonatiuh and its material properties were described. Incremental changes were used both to validate the models results and to assess the impact of each change. The first model had only the reflector geometry and the receiver with perfect properties while the final model had a very accurate description of the studied collector and its properties. The final model performed 21% worse than the initial with ideal properties. Additionally, the homogeneity of the solar radiation on the receiver was analyzed and the 3D effective solar radiation graph was plotted. Finally, it was found that over the year, the receiver under concentration produces 13% more energy than the flat side of the receiver, at the best tilt, for both 0º and 60º of latitudes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2014.
Keywords [en]
Asymmetric CPC PVT; Ray tracing; Tonatiuh simulation; Tilt influence; MaReCo; Homogeneity
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18533OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-18533DiVA, id: diva2:771414
Conference
Eurosun 2014, 16-19 September 2014, Aix-les-Bains, France
Available from: 2014-12-13 Created: 2014-12-13 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Development of Concentrating Photovoltaic-Thermal Solar Collectors
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of Concentrating Photovoltaic-Thermal Solar Collectors
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Fossil fuels have greatly improved human living standards and saved countless lives. However, today, their continued use threatens human survival, as CO2 levels rise at an unprecedented pace to levels never seen during human existenceon earth.

This thesis aims at gathering knowledge on solar energy in general and photovoltaic thermal (PVT) and concentrating photovoltaic thermal (C-PVT) in particular. This thesis establishes several key research questions for PVTs and C-PVT collectors and attempts to answer them.

A comprehensive market study of solar thermal (ST), photovoltaic (PV) and PVT was conducted to obtain prices and performance. Simulations of the energy output around the world were conducted. A ratio between ST and PV annual output was defined to serve as a tool for comparison and plotted on a world map.

A key issue for PVT collectors is how to encapsulate the solar cells in a way that, amongst other things, protects the cell from the thermal expansion of the receiver, has a high transparency, and insulates electrically while at the same time conducts the heat to the receiver. In order to be useful, this analysis must also consider the impacts on the production processes. Several prototypes were constructed, a test methodology was created, and the analysis of the results enabled several conclusions on the validity of the different silicon encapsulations methods.

This thesis relies heavily on collector testing with 30 different prototypes of C-PVTs being designed and constructed. Most testing was conducted using steady state method but quasi dynamic was also carried out. From this work, several guidelines were created for the design of collectors in terms of reflector geometry, cell size, string configuration, encapsulation method and several other design aspects. These analyses were complemented with thermal simulations (COMSOL & ANSYS), string layout (LT SPICE) and evaluation of existing installations. Two novel design ideas came from this thesis work, which the author will patent in the coming year. Additionally, raytracing work has been conducted and a new reflector geometry more appropriate for C-PVTs has been found to significantly improve the annual performance. Finally, the current and future position of PVTs in the global energy market is discussed.

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling syftar till att samla kunskaper om solenergi i allmänhet och PVT-hybrider som ger både el och värme i synnerhet. Särskilt stort intresse riktas mot koncentrerande C-PVT-hybrider.

Avhandlingen ställer ett flertal viktiga forskningsfrågor för PVT och CPVT solfångare och försöker svara på dem. En omfattande marknadsstudie av solvärme (ST), solceller (PV) och PVT har genmförts för att erhålla priser och prestanda.

Studien användes som underlag för energiutbytessimuleringar runt om i världen. Ett förhållande för kvoten mellan energiutbytena för ST och PV definierades för att användas som ett verktyg för en jämförelse mellan systemen och ritades in på världskartan.

En viktig fråga för PVT-solfångare är hur man kapslar in solcellerna på ett sätt som bland annat skyddar solcellen från absorbatorns värmeutvidgning, har hög transparens och isolerar elektriskt samtidigt som den leder värmen till absorbatorn. För att vara användbar måste denna analys också ta hänsyn till produktionsprocesserna. Flera prototyper konstruerades, en testmetod utarbetades och analysen av resultaten möjliggjorde ett antal viktiga slutsatser om funktionen hos de olika silikoninkapslingsmetoderna.

Denna avhandling baseras på verkningsgradstestning av 30 olika prototyper av C-PVT. De flesta testerna utfördes med den statiska testmetoden, men kvasidynamisk testning har också använts. Från denna testning utarbetades riktlinjer för konstruktionen av solfångarna när det gäller reflektorgeometri, cellstorlek, strängkonfiguration och inkapslingsmetod. Dessa analyser kompletterades med termiska simuleringar (COMSOL & ANSYS), stränglayout (LT SPICE)och utvärdering av befintliga installationer. Ett antal nya designidéer kommer att patenteras under de kommande åren. En ny reflektorgeometri för C-PVT som förbättrar det årliga energiutbytet har utarbetats och testats. Slutligen diskuteras PVTs nuvarande och framtida position på den globala marknaden försolenergisystem.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2021. p. 194
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 21
Keywords
Solar Energy, Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT), Concentration, Collector Testing, Silicon Cell Encapsulation, Ray Tracing, Market Survey, String Layout, Prototype Collectors, Solenergi, Fotovoltaisk-termisk (PVT), Koncentration, Solfångarprovning, Inkapsling av kiselceller, Strålgångsberäkning, Marknadsundersökning, Strängdesign, Solfångarprototyper
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35411 (URN)978-91-88145-67-3 (ISBN)978-91-88145-68-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-08-27, Room 13:111, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-06-17 Created: 2021-03-09 Last updated: 2025-10-02Bibliographically approved

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Gomes, JoãoKarlsson, Björn

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